Asbestos Removal †Essential for Healthy Living Essay

For every one of the individuals who invest the majority of their energy inside, regardless of whether it is their home or office, the earth of these living spaces has a straight effect on their wellbeing. Consequently, it is basic for people to guarantee that climate in which they and their relatives live, is made sure about and sound. In generally business and private structures, asbestos is utilized broadly. With high rigidity, it is an exceptionally heat safe material that accompanies great protecting properties. Asbestos is for the most part utilized in assembling building materials such material, roof tiles, separators and numerous other structure supplies. It is viewed as an innocuous material given that the structure flexibly in which it is utilized is unharmed. In any case, with the exhaustion of these structure items, it gets important to expel them as it begins discharging minute asbestos filaments into the air. By and large, a large portion of these structure supplies are marked to show whether they include asbestos or not. On the off chance that there is no such mark, it turns out to be extremely fundamental to select asbestos testing Toronto to confirm any nearness of asbestos. Such tests help to guarantee that the house is protected and liberated from introduction to asbestos. Asbestos may effectsly affect the wellbeing as moment particles would get inhaled into the lungs that can be reason for lung ailments. Hence, asbestos expulsion Barrie is so significant. As asbestos is generally utilized in the assembling of building materials because of its high protecting characteristics in this way it is vital to test asbestos when people remodel or move into another house. It is consistently a decent decision to enlist experienced experts master in the strategy of asbestos evacuation as they know about the set guidelines and guidelines. One the most widely recognized natural defilements that may happen inside are the molds, which are generally found in places that need appropriate ventilation and have nearness of any soggy zones inside the home or office. Molds can be found generally in roofs, backdrops, underneath floor coverings, cellars, restrooms, kitchens, and spots almost a wet zone. Despite the fact that it is exact moment and can be barely observed with unaided eyes, it tends to be reason for different medical problems. Form investigation Toronto gets clear, if people happen to recognize any indications of molds at their home or office. Molds can be effectively evacuated with assistance of shape expulsion Barrie administrations. The nearness of molds would influence the wellbeing as well as harm the house, making it risky and unfortunate for the tenants. In such conditions, form testing Toronto assists with distinguishing the kind of shape, the level of harm and the strategies required to evacuate them. At the point when people enlist administrations of expert specialists, they can be guaranteed that shape would be totally evacuated and that no spot in the home or office is forgotten about. Molds can influence soundness of those people attempting to evacuate molds all alone. Along these lines, it is essential that this assignment is completed by somebody who has information and experience to play out the work proficiently and viably. The most imperative thing is to take act promptly at whatever point there is any sign that the home or office has been assaulted by molds.

Development of Chiles Economic Model

Improvement of Chiles Economic Model William Rodriguez Book index B: ‘Formal’ (post-frontier) financial and social advancement approaches, plans, projects and activities, from the beginning of the ‘development era’ up to the here and now in Chile. Presentation To get a total point of view and structure of the financial and social advancement of Chile after the autonomy to the here and now it is fundamental to see the development of the political powers and arrangements that have molded the nation since the beginning. After freedom, the establishments and the economy demonstrated no generous changes for the explanation that the progressives were the Landowners, in this manner the political force and economy stayed oligarchic and brought together. Anyway through time, Chile has had emotional changes in the social, financial and political structure (Luders, 1993), moreover having comparable conditions with different nations in Latin America, for example, social disparity, monetary imbalance, swelling and authoritarian governments. This reference index B will break down the various periods throughout the entire existence of Chile, experiencing the progressions that the nation has encountered since the freedom in 1818 to the institutional crack in 1973 to the change and combination of majority rules system in 1990. Reference index PETRAS, J. 1969. Part 1: Economic turn of events and Social Change; Chapter 4: The Middle Class; Chapter 6: Christian Democracy; Chapter 9: The Future of Chilean Politics. Governmental issues and social powers in Chilean Development. Berkeley, University of California Press. Petras presents a fascinating account of every single ideological group and powers that molded the improvement of Chile before the institutional crack in 1973. In this book, the writer contends that the financial and political control was controlled by the typical elites and white collar class industrialists, in any case, clear indications of farming and ordinary gatherings requesting more investment were progressively obvious. As indicated by Petras, Chilean culture was a law based society. In any case, not very many individuals were engaged with the political procedure since they were constrained by the first class with the financial force, the ideological groups driving the nation agreeing the creator were: the Popular Action Front (FRAP) and the Christian Democratic, normally sharing interests and giving no support to the most minimal in the social layers. During the nineteenth century and the twentieth century every president designated his replacement by controlling the decision classes and races, political and social changes were coordinated by the political class, and society fundamentally was separated into the proprietors of properties and farmworkers. Anyway as per the creator, industrialization has assumed a job in the advancement of divisions, for example, the white collar class areas, reinforcing this common laborers and giving them a progressively participatory job in Chilean governmental issues and society. The creator asserts that, the average workers must lead the best approach to change, incorporating and turning into a huge power for political and financial improvement in the nation. In any case, modernization and industrialization made a major distinction in the social structure, advancing lopsided improvement between classes during that period. GIL, F., LAGOS ESCOBAR, R. LANDSBERGER, H. 1979. Part 1: The Difficult Road to Socialism: the Chilean Case from a Historical Perspective; Chapter 2: The advancement Of the Chilean Political System 1952-1970; section 3: The Unidad Popular: A Historical Vision of the Transition to communism. Chile at the Turning Point, exercises of the communist years 1970-1973. Philadelphia, establishment for the Study of Human Issues. As indicated by the creators, until 1973 Chile had a political solidness and the economy before 1952 was described by the development of the mechanical area. This evident security change with the appointment of Allende in 1970 and what he called the second round to communism. Allende’s communist methodologies and the activities taken by his administration by the nationalization of organizations, industry and banking framework, offered route to a political agitation empowering an arrangement of encounter; Government come up short on choices losing control of the nation in this manner encouraging a military overthrow in 1973. The finish of the majority rule government accompanied the tyrant military guideline in Chile in 1973, thus, new approaches for reversal, market and universal exchange, were made. New types of changing the economy occurred, just as changes in international strategy, wellbeing administrations, training, industry and political framework. VALDEZ, J. 1995. Section 1: Authoritarians without a Project; Chapter 9: looking for Politics; Chapter 10: The slippery Hegemony. Pinochets Economists: The Chicago School of Economics in Chile. Cambridge University Press. The social and political restraint of the Pinochet time frame figured out how to make conceivable the usage of financial changes in 1973, a guarantee to free markets and the association of business analysts with comparable beliefs empowered the monetary development of the nation. The book presents a depiction of how the legislature changed the economy of Chile during the Pinochet time frame, clarifying how the gathering called â€Å"the Chicago young men assumed responsibility for the economy, starting financial neo-liberal facilitated commerce and radical advancement techniques to improve the economy. As indicated by the creator huge numbers of these methodologies stayed dynamic considerably after the arrival to vote based system. Valdez (1995), claims that the measures taken by this gathering of financial analysts spoke to a record development in the economy besides demonstrating that a profoundly world of politics and thoughts give a strong establishment to the execution of open arrangements. BORZUTZKY, S. OPPENHEIM, L. 2006. Part 1: The Arduous Road to Democracy; Chapter 2: The solidification of the Market. After Pinochet: The Chilean Road to Democracy and the Market. College Press of Florida. This book is an aggregate work of 8 educators, concentrating on the period after the Pinochet government and the way to the majority rules system of Chile, the writers dissect the impact of organizations, showcase, human services, international strategy, annuities, and open approaches in the Chilean economy and society. Focusing on the time of 1990-2006 this book is a view on all the elements associated with Chilean culture during the twentieth century, including human rights, outer legislative issues, receptiveness to showcase, monetary approaches, fetus removal, separate, political establishments, church and the procedure of combination of majority rule government through equitably chose governments after the Pinochet system. In opposition to what different creators contend, Borzutzky (2006) claims that the wellbeing arrangements embraced by Pinochet made a prejudicial framework by diminishing the financial plan in the open area, subsequently lessening the nature of the wellbeing administrations. Thea creator additionally contends that the open market reasoning and privatization of the business comprised a mishap for those laborers who legitimately got and worked the land during that period. Conversation â€Å"In the most recent decades, Chile has endured exceptional changes in its financial, political, and social structure† (Santos, 2005), thusly, to have a point by point understanding and an exhaustive system of the advancement of the nation it is important to examine the various periods in its history. Petras (1969) and Gil (1979) present a dream of the economy and society before the institutional break in 1973, Valdez (1995) represents a dream of the economy and society during the dictator military standard, and Borzutzky Oppenheim (2006) center around the period after the military principle. This decent variety of creators presents a total perspective on all the components that have molded the economy and society in Chile. Petras (1969) and Gil (1979), concur that the monetary and political intensity of Chile before 1973 was in the possession of â€Å"elites† and modern shippers leaving no cooperation to the average workers in governmental issues, nonetheless, this unified force kept up the political security in the country for a long time. As per the creators, undertakings and projects during this period were centered around profiting the elites, however when of the 1970’s, improvement had expanded the hole in the social structure delivering a checked imbalance in social and monetary areas. Majority rule recuperation, political soundness, and monetary development appear to be the keys for the ongoing advancement of the country (Santos, 2005). Be that as it may, According to Valdez (1995), Borzutzky () Oppenheim (2006), the political suppression of the Pinochet time frame and the execution of social and financial changes, made the reason for the turn of events and monetary development of the nation. The changes made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã£ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹in request to acquire equivalent open doors for residents regarding wellbeing, training, macroeconomic approach, receptiveness to market, and mass privatization of undertakings were key accomplishments for the reactivation of the economy. A huge scope privatization happened in Chile by 1974, around 550 organizations were privatized (Luders, 1993). Thus the private segment got liable for development and furthermore was accountable for financing a large portion of the interest in the nation. Besides, a more noteworthy accentuation was set on improving fares, evade restraining infrastructure, reinforce the business, and opening the economy to advertise. Valdez (1995) proposes that the quick development in that period, was expected estimates taken by â€Å"the Chicago young men a gathering of youthful market analysts who executed neo-liberal financial approaches in the nation. All in all, Chile is today an away from of the burden of the liberal model upon the financial and political (Moulian, 1997), the adequacy of the Chilean monetary model has gotten universally perceived, the low paces of expansion, its strategy of Foreign Trade, high speculation, tra

Individual Study Guide Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing Simulation Summary Essay Example for Free

Singular Study Guide Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing Simulation Summary Essay Complete the reenactment, Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing, situated on the understudy site. Compose a 1,050-to 1,450-word rundown in which you address the accompanying for every one of the three significant stages in the reproduction: The circumstance Your suggested arrangements, including why Your outcomes Sum up the distinctive advertising parts tended to in this recreation by responding to the accompanying inquiries: What is the connection among separation and situating of items or administrations? Is the repositioning of the item in the reproduction as you had anticipated that it should be? Clarify why or why not. What is the impact of the item life cycle on promoting? What impact did the item life cycle have on the item in the reproduction? Configuration your paper predictable with APA guidelines.Complete the reproduction, Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing, situated on the understudy site. Compose a 1,050-to 1,450-word rundown in which you address the accompanying for every one of the three significant stages in the reenactment: The circumstance Your suggested arrangements, including why Your outcomes Sum up the distinctive showcasing segments tended to in this reproduction byâ answering the accompanying inquiries: What is the connection among separation and situating of items or administrations? Is the repositioning of the item in the reenactment as you had anticipated that it should be? Clarify why or why not. What is the impact of the item life cycle on promoting? What impact did the item life cycle have on the item in the reproduction? Configuration your paper steady with APA rules.

Classic Management

A portion of these are recorded beneath: posing inquiries about content or case material 0 creation perception about content or case material 0 creation sagacious remarks or posing examining inquiries during instructional exercises or at fitting time during case introductions; and 0 relating appointed material to different zones of study or recent developments in the pacific area. 8. 0 All participation will be taken in instructional exercise classes. The participation and investment will be surveyed from week 3-14. College's instructional exercise participation strategy of is applied.Students must accomplish at any rate at least 60 percent instructional exercise participation to pass this course. Inability to meet this necessity meaner bombing the course. 9. 0 Marking Criteria for Case Study Presentation Criteria Visual Aid (projector, outlines and so on) Presentation (talking style, lucidity, eye to eye connection, certainty, timing) Understanding, Familiarity with Content ; Analys is Question/Discussion/Linking Total Marks Allocated (in %) 1 % Please note: introductions will be surveyed as a gathering generally speaking; not singular ash introductions. Whatever imprint is given is bunch based so everybody in the gathering gets the equivalent mark.Time Limit Breakdown: Presentation time for all the gathering individuals 15 minutes Question/Discussion time-5 minutes Tutor's comments †5 minutes AMIGO Tutorial blueprint Semester 2 2013 3 Table 1: Tutorial Case Study/Class conversation exercises Introductory meeting: 0 accentuating on the significant issues brought up in the course plot 0 Students to choose their instructional exercise gathering (3 or 4 individuals in a gathering) conversation on the most proficient method to dissect contextual analyses to get ready understudies for introduction 0 The evaluation rules for contextual analysis introduction Discussion Questions: 1 .Discuss the significant advancements that describe current worldwide economy and the difficulties these force on the associations and mechanical segments. 2. Examine a portion of the association advances that set the setting for the investigation of the executives today Date ****III contextual investigations are from the suggested textbook**** Chapter Tutorial contextual analysis/Discussion question 1 4 12-16 August Chapters 2&3 5 19-23 August Chapter 4 6 26-30 August - rest 1 : Day: Friday Date: 30 Gag 2013 Time: 9. 00-9. 50 a. M. Room: 014-025 coverage:Chapter 1-4 and 6 Format: Section A: Multiple decision Section B: True/False Section C: Short to passage long inquiries Total % mark: 10% of the all out course work. Part 6 Discussion Questions: 1 . Clarify the significant components of an association's general condition 2. What components in the particular condition should association focus on so as to support upper hand Chapter 3: 1 . Clarify in detail the three conditions for administrative dynamic and critical thinking 2.People presentation three distinc t methodologies or ‘styles' in the manner they manage issue circumstances. Contextual investigation: â€Å"Informing Panasonic† up 82-84 of the reading material Discussion Questions: 1 . What key thoughts did traditional methodologies, social (or human asset) approaches, and quantitative methodologies add to the board thinking? Contextual investigation: â€Å"Management by and by at Bee Change Hang (BCC)† up 105-106 Discussion Questions: 1 . Recognize the elective perspectives on Athenian conduct and quickly portray the primary accentuation of each view 2.Explain the ideas of social relativism and universalism. What suggestions do these ideas have for global business activities? 3. What is a moral situation? Depict a portion of the potential wellsprings of moral issues. Contextual investigation: â€Å"Astray †the ‘Enron' of India† 7 2-6 September Chapter association? 2. By what means would participation be able to be utilized in association? 3. What obstruction may it conceivably make and how might you manage this? Given that controls are basic to any associations operational achievement, clarify the means engaged with the control process.Case study: â€Å"Tallest makes an inappropriate call† up 183-184 OR â€Å"The aircraft industry-endeavoring to control turbulence† up 204-206 4. 9-13 September 8 16-20 September MID SEMESTER BREAK Chapter 9 Discussion Questions: 1 . What is SOOT examination? Talk about the sorts of issues and questions that ought to be managed when leading a SOOT investigation 2. Talk about the benefits of playing out a SOOT investigation 3. Thoroughly analyze various techniques for: (a) development and broadening; and (b) conservation 4.Explain the essential factors contained in Porter's conventional systems model and the BCC lattice Case study: â€Å"Managing methodology and culture at Boost Juice Bars† up 238-239 Discussion Questions: 1 . What is the reason for authoritative plan? 2. Talk about the contrast between bureaucratic plans and versatile structures Case study: â€Å"Leno-hanging structure to follow system' up 298-299 9 23-27 September Group Assignment: Due: Friday 27 September at 4. 00 p. M. All gathering task must be transferred on model. Part 1 10 30 Swept †4 October - rest 2: Day: Friday Date: 4 October 2013 Time: 9. 0 †9. 50 a. M. Scene: Room 014-025 Coverage: Chapter 7-9, and 11 Format: Section A: Multiple decision Section B: True/False Section C: Short to passage long inquiries Total % mark: 10% of the absolute course work. 7-11 October Discussion Questions: 1 . What is human asset the board and what job does it plays in associations? 2. What steps should a supervisor take in helping another representative fit into the workplace such that promotes his/her turn of events and execution potential? 3. What choices would you, as a supervisor, have in keeping up a certified workforce?Comment quickly on the alternatives examined in the co ntent. Contextual investigation: NO Case study 11 Chapter 13 12 14-18 October Chapter 14 Discussion Questions 1 . Clarify the wellsprings of position force and individual force utilized by supervisors to impact the conduct of others Explain the wellsprings of position force and 2. What is initiative style? Clarify how worry for undertaking and worry for individuals are identified with initiative style. 3. Examine the Fiddler, Hershey and Blanchard, House, and Broom-Ago possibility models of authority. What direction does every possibility model accommodate leaders?Case study: â€Å"Leadership at ISM† up 361-362 Discussion Question: 1 . Quickly depict Mason's progressive system of requirements hypothesis, Alder's ERG hypothesis, Herrings tobacco hypothesis, and Miscellany's procured needs hypothesis. 2. Examine objective setting hypothesis and how it identifies with overseeing for inspiration. 13 21-25 October Chapter 15 and 16 14 Chapter 17 Describe the key ideas in the hope hypothesis of inspiration. How do these ideas clarify the degree of inspiration that an individual may show at work? Case obligation: â€Å"Google: perhaps the best spot to work† pappy-390 Discussion Questions 1 .Using the commitments and instigations that are alluded to in the mental agreement between the individual and association, clarify the idea of the relationship that you have had with an association for which you currently work or have worked previously. 2. Clarify the job that Job configuration plays in laborer fulfillment and execution. Part 16: 3. How do groups add to associations? 4. Quickly portray the phases of gathering/group advancement. Think about a gathering or group in which you have held or presently hold participation. Clarify how he phases of gathering/group improvement can be applied to this model gathering or group.

Robots, cyborgs & AI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Robots, cyborgs and AI - Essay Example The term android is utilized distinctly on robots that resemble people, while the term robot is utilized on machines, which may look or probably won't look like people. There are different instances of rising robots known as actroids, which don't exist in the sci-fi domain, yet they will in general take after the individuals in their activity and furthermore their gathering to enter. In films like The Terminator, which have crushed mindfulness general society since their highlights have imparted a solid thought regarding human combination with innovation. Cyborgs are forceful and contain a dream of being ruinous and intangibility. In any case, this hyper rough animal is among the numerous sorts of anecdotal cyborgs that have become the principle route for business movies to introduce the cyborg condition. In films they have advantaged the manly figure which is principally vicious. At the point when the cyborgs are organized in films they show various perspectives in issues of sexual personality and sex. The product interfaced cyborgs made make the collections of people out of date when the human awareness was downloaded onto a PC programming they demonstrated forcefulness and their ability is constantly improved in this way can not go down and the main thing they can do best is execute in light of the fact that its quality physical not cerebral consequently can not be controlled. Anyway not all cyborgs are hyper manly executing machines they are additionally utilized for different capacities for example the eliminator in eliminator 2 is utilized as a proxy father. Hardware innovation ability surely has caused dread which has been meant monstrous bodies overwhelming human characters. The cyborgs in films are likewise used to show the male scene and want for manly body. This finishes th e sexual articulation as well as the savage power communicated by the cyborgs. This idea of remotely intense hardware was finished in the mechanical apparatus in the mid twentieth century. During this time the robot supplanted the

All About Columbia, NYC and Bicycles COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

All About Columbia, NYC and Bicycles COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I may or may not live a further from campus than the average student, but I delight in my commute to Columbia: a seven-mile bike ride through New York City, 14 miles round trip.  Sounds terrifying exhilarating, right? Here’s why biking is great. Biking is Fast. New Yorkers tend to be impatient about getting places. Prime ways to get around campus: Walking (invest in comfortable shoes if you haven’t already); NYC subways and buses (get your MetroCard once you’re in NYC!); the (electric!) intercampus buses. But one of the fastest ways factoring in your route and traffic? Biking. From the Columbia School of Social Work on 122nd  St. to the Hungarian Pastry Shop on 111th, walking those 11 blocks will take 11 minutes, while biking will get you there in 4. Biking is Convenient. You don’t even need to own a bike, to bike. Citi Bike is NYC’s bike-sharing service (and the largest bike share program in the U.S.). The bike docks are located all across New York City and is ideal for quick trips. Their app also makes it convenient to find the nearest dock with real-time bike availability, and you can unlock a bike with the app. If you do own a bike, Columbia offers free bicycle parking enclosures, which also has bike repair tools and tire pumps (there’s an enclosure that is a 2-minute walk from the International Affairs Building). Don’t want to show up sweaty to class? You can get a Commuter Shower Pass at the Dodge Fitness Center for just $38 a semester. Columbia also offers bicycle store discounts, free bike registration with public safety, and many more perks. Biking is Fun. Of all the cardio exercises, biking has to be near the top in terms of enjoyability. New York City has some beautiful bike paths: The Hudson River Greenway trail, which is separated from car traffic, is on the West Side, and Central Park is teeming with cyclists. This is even without all the trails in Brooklyn! View this post on Instagram Today this south-facing Tribeca perspective features greenery and active bikeway. Swipe to see this view before the Park! #HRPK #HRPK20 #TBT A post shared by Hudson River Park (@hudsonriverpark) on May 31, 2018 at 12:45pm PDT If you’re already on campus or will be here before Orientation, take advantage of Summer Streets.  On the first three Saturdays of August, 6.9 miles of Park Avenue will be closed to cars and open only to cyclists, pedestrians and joggers. You can bike through NYC landmarks normally closed to pedestrian traffic like Grand Central Terminal, and there will be free food, activities and giveaways along the route. View this post on Instagram Summer Streets returns this weekendâ€"show us your pics using #ShareGCT! ??: @myst3riousboy @samanthadongnyc @ibookery @evannclingan @goemonfromjapan A post shared by Grand Central Terminal (@grandcentralnyc) on Aug 11, 2017 at 9:05am PDT Always remember to put Safety First when youre biking.  The Morningside Heights neighborhood is easier to bike in since there’s less traffic and pedestrians relative to busy areas like Times Square. Still, this is the big city, and you should always put safety first: Wear. A. Helmet. Youre going to really need your brain for Columbia. If you dont have a helmet, use your Columbia ID at nearby bicycle stores for a 10% discount. Obey traffic rules and be predictable. NYC is a busy and dense place, so along with following traffic rules, don’t make any sudden swerves in and out of traffic. It’s dangerous and the traffic around you can’t always account for it. Be Aware. Someone flings open their taxi door into the bike lane, or a pigeon flies into your face you can’t predict what’s going to happen around you, so be aware. This means no headphones or texting while biking, too. A bike-friendly Columbia means less traffic and parking congestion and an improvement in health of the University.  Improving and encouraging healthy commute alternatives will be an ongoing mission on campus as part of our Sustainability Plan. So grab your helmet and have fun exploring New York City by bike!

Pursuing International Law Degree In International University - 275 Words

Reasons For Pursuing International Law Degree In A International University (Admission Essay Sample) Content: [Name]Personal Statement[Name of Institution]Degree objective:[Date of Submission]I was born and brought up in Africa; a continent famous for harboring a superfluous of leaders lacking accountability for international legal regimes with reference to human rights, a continent ravaged by ethnic conflict, civil war, and extreme poverty. My motivation for international law comes from growing up in Africa and having experienced some of the misfortunes befalling Africans firsthand. I am driven by the belief that Africa and the world over need people with an in-depth understanding of international law to help ameliorate the deeply rooted culture impunity. Again, to me the study of International Law is a key to understanding the core problem facing Africa today.I am an academically versatile individual who takes pride being in readership of any knowledgeable written material, especially materials related to international law. I have a Bachelors degree in Political Science (In ternational Relations) from California State University Los Angeles. I have worked for the UN and *Democratic Headquarters. The two job placements have served me with impeccable experience relating to International Law. I have travelled throughout North and Sub-Saharan Africa, East and West Europe to familiarize myself with these regions. These travels have substantially enhanced my understanding of various cultures. I believe that su...

Quantitative Research Critique - 571 Words

Introduction The focus of the article by Spurlock and Hunt (2008) was on an empirical study researching whether the HESI Exit Exam possesses any usefulness in predicting pass-rates on the National Council Licensure Examination for registered nurses. The authors identify the variables of the study as HESI Exit Exam scores and NCLEX-RN outcomes, emphasizing the relationship between the variables as being previously determined by research literature as â€Å"marginal at best† (Spurlock Hunt, 2008). The stated primary purposes for the research by Spurlock and Hunt (2008) were to examine if HESI Exit Exam scores had the ability to predict NCLEX-RN outcomes, and to explain the inconsistencies between predictions of HESI Exit Exam scores and actual NCLEX-RN results. The article indicates that the research is significant in nursing due to the weight of importance placed on NCLEX-RN outcomes â€Å"†¦by nursing school administrators, educators, and graduates, as well as by prospe ctive students and their parents† (Spurlock Hunt, 2008). Review of Literature Following the introduction, the authors continue into a review of literature in which the cited sources addressed relevance to the study’s variables. The review of literature consisted mainly of primary and current sources, with no citations preceding the article by five years. It is within this section of the article where the authors chose to further discuss the previous research conducted on the variables and how the variables haveShow MoreRelatedA Critique Of A Quantitative Research Article1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe following is a critique of a quantitative research article with a qualitative component. 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Stop Animal Testing - Essay - 667 Words

Stop Animal Testing Many companies nowadays are testing their products on animals, which can be very painful to these innocent creatures. Some people have resorted to not purchasing products from these companies to show that they do not support them. So why should these companies legally be allowed to test on animals, if people are locked up every day for animal cruelty? As Thomas Paine said in â€Å"The Crisis†, â€Å"If we reason to the root of things we shall find no difference; neither can any just cause be assigned why we should just punish in one case, and pardon in the other.† No matter which way you may look at it an animal is being hurt and it is our responsibility to speak up for them if they cannot. Every day animals are taken from†¦show more content†¦For a product to be trustworthy, the subject should have used the products for a couple of years. So for those years the company would have to make sure that their test subject is kept in as natural an environment as possible to create the same effects. This would require thousands of dollars, which can always be put to use somewhere else. Yet on the other hand, animal testing when done correctly can help us advance in many fields of learning. As done for most of our medications, scientists first tested animals to determine the safety before moving on to humans. They then see how the animal reacts to the drug before testing on humans, which could have produced deadly consequences if not otherwise tested on animals. So although this can be very painful to the animal, it is also very beneficial to humans. Even though the benefits of animal testing are very important, I believe that the pain and suffering animals endure for this, are far more negative and should be discontinued. People do not understand the pain and suffering that these innocent creatures go through, just so that they may have the latest hair product or wrinkle cream. Although it may not be the same as animal cruelty, it is just as cruel to the animals who must suffer. We need to fight for the animals so that they will no longer be poked, prodded, or dissected all in the name of science, and so that theyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Stop Animal Testing1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe Truth About Animal Experimentation Millions of animals are used in scientific and medical research, including mice, rats, rabbits, primates, cats, dogs and other animals. They are locked inside cold barren cages in laboratories across the country. Unfortunately all they can do is sit and wait in fear of the next terrifying and painful procedures that will be performed on them. More than 100 million animals every year suffer and dies in cruel chemical, drug, food and cosmeticRead More Animal Testing Needs To Stop Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagescompanies should stop animal testing. By animal testing, the companies not only violate the animals rights (which is breaking the law), but their testing methods are hazardous which endanger the animals life. Finally, the companies should stop animal testing because each year we lose hundreds of thousands of animals and could make a difference by stopping this cruelty. Stop the animal testing, and save a life. To start with, cosmetic and drug companies should stop animal testing their productsRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Stop Essay1958 Words   |  8 PagesANIMAL TESTING INTRODUCTION Animals have been used in scientific experiments for a long time to be able to understand and define how human body works and to cure certain diseases. However, most of the people are in disagreement to use animals in scientific experiments. They suggest using humans as test subjects with the drug trials. The first reason why humans should be used for drugs trials is that animals are living creatures that have rights to reject although they cannot speak in the human languageRead MoreWe Need to Stop Animal Testing Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Every day in countries around the world, animals are fighting for their lives, these are mutilated and confined to tiny cages so that we can kill them in outdated product tests for cosmetics, personal-care products, and household-cleaning products. These animals are burned, blinded, poisoned, electrocuted, strangled, and tested on all in the name of â€Å"science†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ stated by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (1). Animals are abused and mistreated on a daily basis. They are poked and proddedRead MoreWe Must Stop Animal Research and Animal Testing Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion animals are killed each year due to animal testing? What if I told you that these animals are burned, crippled, abused and poisoned on a regular basis? What if I told you that in order to obtain your favorite shampoo, hand sanitizer, lotion, etc. that innocent animals must be tortured? Throughout history animal research and experimentation has played a key role in scienti fic benefit and discovery. Even I cannot deny the numerous medical breakthroughs that have been founded using animals as testRead MoreEssay about The Benefits of Animal Testing are Too Great to Stop775 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Animal testing began when William Harvey used animals 400 years ago to find out how blood circulated through the body. The modern era of animal research however started about 150 years ago with the rise of physiology as a science. It was very different back then. There were no anesthetics or effective painkillers, so the animals suffered a great deal, as did patients. Scientists learned that putting animals, or humans through that type of torture was inhumane. Consider having toRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned891 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are Animals Every year millions of animals are burned, tortured and crippled in research that does not even result in safer products for humans. In fact, more than 90% of experimental drugs that are shown to be safe and effective in animals do not work for humans and are considered unsafe. Animal testing is barbaric; the small benefit that may be gained through testing in no way rights the torture these animals are put through. Not only is the testing harmful to the animals, it is extremelyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1509 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is intended to express the use of animals in scientific research. Every year more than 115 million animals around the world have been used in laboratory experiments (Human Society International,2012). They include animals that are generally used in medical research such as cats, dogs, guinea pigs, mice, rats and monkeys. This experience has a major role in the progress of medicine. For example, it has been used in the development of drugs and surgical procedures and artificialRead MoreKilling Animals982 Words   |  4 Pageswonder how animals are being processed in the industry? Well I can only tell you that it’s one hell of a disaster, but it’s our way of life being human. We humans have been killing animals for survival since we have been evolved. Long time ago there were no rights or laws for killing a certain animals because the human population was very modest. Killings animals since the Stone Age has been done because we needed the food, fur to survive and sustain life. Nowadays we struggle to keep the animals populationRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Wrong Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesMany people have animals around the world, whether it be dogs, cats, reptiles, birds, even horses and llamas, and they all love them very much. A lot of people will do anything to ensure the comfort and safety of their companion and friend. Many people may be shocked and horrified to find that over 100 Million animals die each year due to an imal testing. This essay will go into more detail about some reasons why people might find animal testing wrong, and some reasons why a lot of people see it as

Plato and Aristotle An Analysis - 1175 Words

This four-page undergraduate essay explains, compares, and contrasts the theories and discussions of Plato and Aristotle regarding the best political association. Quotes from Politics and the Republic are used to support the author’s thesis. Plato and Aristotle: An Analysis Determining the best form of political association was important to the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle, and each of them expressed his opinion in important works such as the Republic and Politics. In explaining, comparing, and contrasting the political philosophies of Plato and Aristotle, it is evident that each of them shared the same goal of identifying and promoting the best form of political government. They also shared in†¦show more content†¦He criticized Oligarchy because its consequences were rule by the wealthy, which also causes injustice; and he criticized Tyranny because its consequences were dictatorship, which again causes injustice. In terms of the merits of the citizenry, Aristotle notes that the people may collectively be the best judges of certain things, so it is justified for them to take part in deliberations. But like Plato, he feels that the common people are not qualified to share in the highest offices. Both Plato and Aristot le also agree that laws need to be made in accordance with the regime, and agree that the more just a ruler is, the more just the laws will be. Essentially, both Aristotle and Plato asserted that the goal of politics should be justice. One difference between them is that Plato believed that the best claim to rule was education and virtue, although he conceded that there is also a claim to rule based on wealth and on numbers. Another difference is that Aristotle emphasized that the most important task for a leader was to be a lawgiver, and to frame the appropriate constitution for the city-state. In Aristotle’s system, it was the leader’s duty to provide enduring laws, customs, and institutions for the citizens. According to Aristotle, once the constitution was in place, the ruler needed to take the necessary steps to maintain it,Show MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of Plato and Aristotle1634 Words   |  7 PagesON POL 311 (HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT) TOPIC A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLATO AND ARISTOTLES POLITICAL THOUGHT WRITTEN BY OKWOR, STEPHEN USHIE 09/ED/EF/814 DEPT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS (POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIT) FACULTY OF EDUCATION SUBMITTED TO DR. EJERE DEPT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF UYO, UYO AKWA IBOM STATE MAY, 2012 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLATO AND ARISTOTLES POLITICAL THOUGHT In order to compare these great philosophersRead MoreAnalysis Of Plato s Republic And Aristotle s Politics1375 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferently to support their main goals of finding the right type of society. While Plato does not conform to the traditional definition of a family—with a husband, wife, and children—and instead defines the role of men and women separately, Aristotle uses the family as a microcosm of political society, in the hopes of showing readers how to create a just society for the former and a virtuous one for the latter. Plato describes the Kallipolis—the ideal city for the ancient Greeks—in his Republic. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Plato s Republic And Aristotle s Nicomachean Ethics Essay2075 Words   |  9 Pagespresented in recreation and games. In Plato’s Republic, he defines sport in terms of athletics and how it relates to the cultivation of the self. Plato states that â€Å"sport serves the educational objectives of personal virtue, intellectual achievement, †¦, where athletics serve to select candidates capable of tolerating the most important subjects† (Reid, 2007). Plato conveys that through sport, we gain a means for creating skills, or aretà ª, that aids in the transformation of thought. Rules embedded in a gameRead MoreReconciling The Divergence Of The Nature Of Man Between Classic And Modern Thinkers1425 Words   |  6 Pagespeople’s property, when he could take whatever he wanted† (Plato 360c). Glaucon’s question presupposes a pessimi stic attitude towards human nature, that individuals only act justly due to societal pressures and retribution. Plato grapples with this idea throughout his work, providing the contention that justice is a state of the soul and that individuals that abuse the power of the ring of Gyges end up suffering due to an imbalance of the soul. Plato ultimately utilizes Glaucon’s argument to frame a majorRead More Foundations of Political Thought Essays1664 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle and Socrates and Plato’s beliefs have similarities mainly evident in their denouncement of democracy for the state. The views of Socrates expressed and written by his pupil Plato are vastly philosophical in nature and he promotes the idea of questioning life to achieve insight. The philosophers who possess the absolute truth are the best equipped to rule society according to Plato and his Allegory of the Cave. Conversely, Aristotle takes a more political science approach of discussingRead Mo reAbsolute Realism Vs. Hylemorphism1309 Words   |  6 Pagesvs. Hylemorphism Even though both Plato and his student Aristotle’s works are considered theoretically less valuable in modern times, as two of the most eminent ancient thinkers in the history of philosophy, their works continue to have great historical value. In the realm of metaphysics, Plato and Aristotle are both regarded as realists, and their philosophical ideas hold some similarities, but Aristotle is more considered as â€Å"moderate realist,† compared to Plato as an â€Å"absolute realist.† GenerallyRead MorePlato s Interpretation Of Utopia1630 Words   |  7 PagesPlato and Aristotle shared many differences despite also sharing a teacher student relationship. This essay will strive to establish their understandings of reason and the role reason plays in their comprehensions of politics, differentiating between the kinds of reason and politics produced as a result. Plato is regarded as the first writer of political philosophy while Aristotle is recognised as the first political scientist. Plato’s interpretation of Utopia is founded upon the existence of threeRead MorePlato And Aristotle Disagree About Virtue. Plato And Aristotle1403 Words   |  6 PagesPlato and Aristotle Disagree about Virtue Plato and Aristotle are great philosophers and they have talked a lot about virtue. Although these two people started from similar settings, their ideas about virtue were actually different. Plato’s philosophy was more about non-material things, like ideas and love. On the other hand, Aristotle liked things that are more measurable and physicals. In this paper, I will first discuss Plato’s ideas about the nature of virtue, which people have virtue when theyRead MoreHistorical Views of Leadership: Plato and Aristotle1320 Words   |  6 Pagescommonly held to begin with Herodotus of ancient Athens, it is not surprising that we should examine the historical views of leadership through the eyes of two titans of Greek thought: Plato and Aristotle. Both men lived in 4th century BCE Athens, so much of their background and experience was shared. Aristotle was the younger of the two, and he was Plato’s student. Where leadership is concerned, both philosophers agreed that the â€Å"best men† should rule, and that the purpose of leadership was theRead MoreAristotle And Plato s Philosophy1688 Words   |  7 Pages) Professor Armstrong CC 5 October 2015 Aristotle and Plato are famous for their many works in the philosophical field. Specifically, the Republic by Plato and Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle seem to be their most popular works. In these works they discuss things that are needed to achieve the â€Å"good life† both on an individual level and on a societal level. There is some variance between what the two philosophers think can create the â€Å"good life.† They explore the concepts of eudaimonia, virtue

Gambling Is Normally Considered To Be An Activity That

Gambling is normally considered to be an activity that involves betting on the outcome of a contest, playing a game for money and so on. It also involves paying for the opportunity to enter a lottery. You will realize that this is a very old form of entertainment and one that has been in existence for many years. The pleasure of gambling normally comes for the very real risk of losing even your most prized possession. Most people tend to be addicted to this activity. You will realize that gambling comes from wagering valuables or material things one cannot afford to lose. Gambling can be of many different forms. Some of these forms include: scratch tickets, pull tab tickets, bingo games, mahjong, charity raffles, lottery tickets and so on.†¦show more content†¦You can actually grab those bonus spins and go straight and use them on a wide range of casino games. You will realize that there are more than 260 titles to choose from wile the diversity is a bit high. It is important to note that Playtech and NetEnt mostly rule the game. You should be prepared to find their newest products. Mobile casino version is normally supported by Power Spins. This means that you can play it on your phone. You can play it anywhere as long as you have your phone with you. It is well adjusted to fit the smallest screen sizes of mobile phones. You do not need to have a desktop in order to play. Most people like this version. Power Spins has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is important that you understand them before you start playing. One of the advantages of Power Spins is that you are offered 50 free spins after registration. This means that once you register, you have the freedom to spin 50 times free of charge. No deposit is required. This is one of those reasons why most people tend to like this game. Power Spin offers 250 bonus spins upon first 5 deposits. This is truly amazing. There is also different rewarding scheme known as Bolts. You will realize that the more progress you make on the Bolts Bar, the more bonus sins you are likely to get. In addition, there is playtech online slots. Once you get hose bonus spins, you can readily use them in these slots. Power Spins has its own disadvantages. YouShow MoreRelatedEffects of Gambling1138 Words   |  5 PagesTHE EFFECTS OF GAMBLING Most people with gambling problems say they lost control over how much time and money they spend gambling. Meanwhile, they ignored other responsibilities. For them, gambling is an activity that are important to them. Those who gamble excessively often bring problems for the one they love. The effects of gambling can be classified into individuals, family and the society. Each of them had different aspect. With the problems that been brought by thoseRead MoreEssay about Gambling Addiction868 Words   |  4 PagesGambling addiction has become very real, very quick, to me and my friends and family. My best friend’s mother, Beverly Roan, is currently incarcerated at Sandy Mush Correctional Facility in Merced, California after allegedly embezzling over $350,000.00 from her employer to fund her gambling addiction. Beverly is a 58 year old mother of three, and grandmother of eight; no one ever suspected this level of addiction or criminal activity based on our daily interactions with her. We were shockedRead MoreGambling Surrounding The Asian And American Asian Communities1586 Words   |  7 Pages Gambling in Macau Gambling has made immense impacts on the everyday lives of a countless amount of people. Somehow this western pastime has integrated and almost taken control of the Asian and American Asian communities. The gambling issue within the Asian culture has affected families, and individuals in such drastic ways. Within the last few years we have seen an immense outburst of gambling in Macau, which is now the gambling capital of the world. Along with the recent outburst of gamblingRead MoreWhat Is the Difference Between Work and Fun? Essay598 Words   |  3 PagesIn the world we live in today, gambling is a professional career to some, whilst others gamble for leisure, a combination of necessity and pure enjoyment. However there is hardly any single moment where a person just fell into being a professional gambler, but there will be some people who realized that they didn’t have any other source of income. The truth is that there are many thousands of people around the country who make a good living exclusively from gambling. It is not easy, but it can beRead MoreIs Internet Addiction Disorder? Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pageswas a suitable fit to his parody. This idea he conjured was to demonstrate the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders handbook’s complexity and rigidity.The symptoms he included in this parody where important social or occupational activities that are given up or reduced because of the internet use†, â€Å"Fantasies or dreams about the internet† and â€Å"Voluntary or involuntary typing movements of the fingers.† Dr. Goldberg himself has redefined I.A.D as a â€Å"Pathological Internet use Disorder†Read MoreIs Gambling an Acceptable Form of Leisure?1976 Words   |  8 PagesIs gambling an acceptable form of leisure? Nowadays, gambling industry is already become a huge global industry. Due to the rapid development of technology, people can place the bet in another country simply by using internet without travel, which make much easier for gambler. According to Roberts (2004, p168), gambling also become one of the leisure industries, such as visit a casino can be seen as a leisure activity. Also is different personal perspective with no doubt. Devereaux (1968) definedRead MoreThe State Of The United States Lotteries1555 Words   |  7 Pagesauthorized a progression of preventive policies which banned lottery activities. From 1895 to 1963, each state banned lotteries and vetoed them as a source of compensation. Consequently, in 1963, the state lottery was reinstated as a government, enterprise and an origin of income by the state of New Hampshire. In many states the administration runs the lottery as an imposing business model on a substantial scale for organized gambling. The only legal competiti on that the lottery has, is with other stateRead MoreEntertainment in the Victorian Era1271 Words   |  6 Pageshave TVs, iPods, video games, or computers. With the resources available then, they would play sports, pick up a book to read, or have play time. One thing that has carried through the centuries is athletics. Although the types of athletic activities have altered somewhat, a few have stayed alive and are performed today. In the Victorian Era in England, people played two kinds of sports: recreational sports and competitive sports. Recreational sports included games like croquet and cyclingRead MoreFighting for Life: Dog Fighting is a Brutal Unecessary Contest 675 Words   |  3 PagesDog fighting which are professional which is someone who generally travels the country breeding and fighting dogs for profit. There are hobbyists who may have a handful of dogs they breed and follow the rules of a refereed dogfight, but they would normally stay at a local level. The last level of dog fighting would be street fighters who fight all breeds of dogs and dont keep track of their dogs. (Icanimal.org) People choose pit-bulls for fighting because of their dedication to a job they are trainedRead MoreEssay on Extreme Gambling: Addiction or Obsession?2329 Words   |  10 PagesGambling in the United States seems to be as American as apple pie. Going to the convenience store to pick up your weekly lottery ticket, then day dreaming about what you would do if you won. I have actually calculated how much I would give to each family member, how many houses I would buy and trips I would take. Once a year I take my wife to the casino for her birthday. We take a couple hundred dollars and spend all night at the roulette table, then end the night at the slot machine. It can

Importance of English Free Essays

History of the English Language A short history of the origins and development of English The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of English or any similar topic only for you Order Now But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders – mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from Englaland and their language was called Englisc – from which the words England and English are derived. Germanic invaders entered Britain on the east and south coasts in the 5th century. Varieties of English From around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words â€Å"froze† when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Some expressions that the British call â€Å"Americanisms† are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example  trash  for rubbish,  loan  as a verb instead of lend, and  fall  for autumn; another example,  frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies). Spanish also had an influence on American English with words like  canyon,  ranch,  stampede  and  vigilante  being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words (through Louisiana) and West African words (through the slave trade) also influenced American English (and so, to an extent, British English). Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology (including the Internet). But there are many other varieties of English around the world, including for example Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English, Indian English and Caribbean English. WHY IS ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT? Although a variety of languages are spoken all over the world, English is an important language to know. English is the language most international business is conducted in, it is used in more areas of the globe than any other and the only language spoken by more people is  Mandarin  (one of the languages in China). In many countries, the citizens have different tribal languages. Even though English is not a native language, the governments select English as an adopted national language. The government documents and laws written in English will be less subject to interpretation than if they had to be written separately in every tribal language. All school-related and workplace connections require a solid understanding of the English language. If you are studying English at school, college or university, remember that getting an ‘A’ grade in English is almost worthless, in terms of communication, if you cannot speak the language. Spoken English is used in the best careers, the best universities, and is increasingly being used at job interviews. REASONS TO LEARN ENGLISH 1) English is the most spoken language around the world. 1 out of 5 persons understands it! 2) Many of the most famous movies or songs are written in English! You’ll be able to understand them! 3) If you learn English, you’ll be able to visit most websites! 4) Speaking English is a tremendous asset for your professional career! 5) English is not hard to learn, compared to many other foreign languages! 6) Nowadays, we are surrounded by English (in non English speaking countries of course†¦). Understanding this language becomes more and more important! ) If you are a student, or just eager to learn, to understand English is almost mandatory since many publications are in English! 8) You will be able to visit the 45 countries where English is the official language! 9) But you will also be able to travel around the entire world! Even if you’re not going to an English speaking country, it is very likely that locals will understand you if you speak in English! 10) For the pleasure! Learning a language, especially English, is rewarding when you see you’re improving! Communicate with your friends in English! Dare To learn and Speak! ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE How to cite Importance of English, Papers

Social services Essay Example For Students

Social services Essay For example, because an employer will not provide adequate support for a person with physical difficulties such as assistance with going to the toilet the employer is discriminating against and disabling the person to successfully work in the conditions that they need. In conclusion the social model suggests that a person is disabled if the society will not take into account their physical or mental differences. When a person talks of empowerment they are talking of the citizenship rights of a person. The failure to empower is not something that will be tolerated disabled people all over the world are struggling to confront the processes that exclude and segregate them and to escape form the institutions that are part of that. (Oliver 1996,p93). Empowerment is meant to allow the disabled person to do more things for themselves but however it can be seen that empowerment can also be disabling. Disablement is a major social problem. It affects not only the person who is disabled but also their families and friends. Self-Advocacy enables people to make choices and decisions about the way in which they want to live their lives. Advocacy can be seen as standing up for ones rights, making informed choices and speaking up for ones self. Self-Advocacy in relation to people who have learning difficulties can be seen as people who have gained the power to fight for their individual rights rather than in the past being a collective group who have been stigmatised and labelled as having no rights at all. Self-Advocacy is also about a persons own identity. When we talk about empowerment it is in the specific context of people with learning difficulties. It must be remembered that self advocacy is different from empowerment. Empowerment consists of two main freedoms, which are the freedom to avoid unnecessary constraint and the freedom to develop individuals potential. Empowerment is based on the idea that there are lots of people within society who experience heightened vulnerability and have special needs because of their impairment or impairments. A pilot project in London, run by the Greenwich Association of Disabled People showed that giving the disabled person direct control over their own care budget not only produced more effective and personalised service, but also provided better value for money. It was less costly for the government. As a result the UK government introduced direct control, nation wide from 1996. In Britain direct payments have been available since 1997, but so far only 54 of the local authorities offer direct payment schemes. This is just over a third of those with social service responsibility in England and Wales. The British system differs from the Canadian and other schemes available in Europe in that claimants are at present responsible for securing their own services. But help is available from local Independent Living Groups. The government intends to extend direct payment schemes, promising nearly i 3billion extra funding for social services. It hopes eventually to make it mandatory for all authorities to offer direct payment schemes. Direct payments to people over 65 are also promised. The Association of Directors of Social Services disability committee points out that the costs to the state are no more, and often less, through direct payments, and that the only hindrance at present is the initial cost outlay. The innovation consists of providing community support in the form of an independent agent i. e. not paid by the government or the service providers to help person with exceptional needs secure and manage their own funds. This concept marks the recognition of the rights of persons with continuing needs that started with the processes of de-institutionalisation and community care. It turns the user of services into a purchaser of services. It makes the service providers accountable to the person, not to an agency or to the government. It removes many of the barriers that make it impossible to become full citizens. Many groups and sectors have been involved in making the innovation a reality. In the UK such direct payment exists as a well-kept secret. .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310 , .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310 .postImageUrl , .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310 , .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310:hover , .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310:visited , .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310:active { border:0!important; } .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310:active , .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310 .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1ab333d0e99923f5e86c15ac047ae310:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare My Grandmother and Long Distance EssayThere are two versions (with many variations within each) of personalised funding (funding allocated to the individual based on specific needs) that could work in the UK.   Individualised funding, where the funding is attached to the person, but managed and monitored by a third party. Given the current system of grants through the DHSS and the need for local authorities to top up allocations to voluntary agencies to meet some clients exceptional needs, it is conceivable that a brokerage model might be seen as a means of negotiating these extra funds so that the existing voluntary agencies or new services could provide the ser vices. * Direct Funding. Once the funding is negotiated, it is given directly to the person, family or person willing to assist. If individuals are able to manage on their own, they do so in the same manner that those with independent wealth have always done. If individuals are not able or prepared to manage their services on their own, they have a number of options they could hire an agency to provide the services for them (as is the case in privately funded special care), or they could have the broker (or volunteer committee of people they select) assist in setting up and monitoring services for them.

Leading and Managing People Dynamic Organization

Question: Describe about the Leading and Managing People for Dynamic Organization. Answer: There are several factors which impact the ability to staff an organization appropriately. The staffing process may get affected by internal as well as external factors. Internal factors include promotion policy, future growth plans, use of technology, support from management, and image of an organization. External factors comprise labor laws, socio-economic pressures, competition, and standard of education(Day, 2014). A proper promotional policy with development and career growth prospects attracts efficient people. It raises the motivation and morale of the staff. Future growth affects the staffing process as the requirement of staff would increase with the growth of the organization. The kind of technology used by a company also affects the staffing process. Use of modern technology must be accompanied by continuous and proper training programs so that the employees remain updated with the latest technology. Moreover, the higher authority must support and take care of staffing procedures, transfer policies, promotion, and career development programs. The image of the organization affects staffing largely. Development, job security, work culture, and environment influence the image of an organization (Phillips et al., 2015). External factors like labor laws implemented by the government affect the policy of staffing to a great extent. For instance, if a company wants to abide by the Social equality and Upliftment policy, then it would have to give jobs to reserved classes. Socio-political groups thus widely affect staffing. The most important factor affecting staffing is educational standard and competition. When there is a demand for highly experienced and qualified staff, there rises competition between organizations to recruit efficient staffs. References Day, R. D. (2014).Leading and managing people in the dynamic organization. Psychology Press. Phillips, J. M., Gully, S. M. (2015).Strategic staffing. Pearson.

Organizing an Essay With Multiple Topics

Organizing an Essay With Multiple TopicsOrganizing an essay with multiple topics can be quite a challenge. The more you write the more words and ideas that seem to come to you and it is so tempting to keep going. All too often, you get bogged down and forget about some of the finer points and all of a sudden, you can't find the proper phrase or word to get to the part you are trying to highlight. Organizing an essay with multiple topics can help you stay focused, but here are some tips on how to do it.The first good tip for organizing an essay with multiple topics is to go back and reread. Have you thought about what your main topic might be? Have you already written it out? Re-read the essay again and consider whether it needs any changes. If it doesn't, revise it again and go back to it.Once you've re-read your essay, think about the points that you might want to include. Make sure that they are connected to the main theme of the essay. For example, if you're trying to make a point about 'intellectual freedom', then make sure that you include 'intellectual'freedom' in the same sentence or at least, phrase. You don't want to make it sound like one side is about freedom and the other is about freedom. Create strong connections between the different parts of the essay.One of the best things you can do when organizing an essay with multiple topics is to make sure that you organize them in order of relevance. This means that you won't be adding all kinds of information into one essay. Rather, you'll be inserting each relevant piece of information at the appropriate place in the essay.You may want to also break up the essay into parts. That is, have three parts. An introduction, body and conclusion. You can create some brief yet powerful opening sentences to begin with. Organize the essay around those introductory lines.Another way to organize an essay with multiple topics is to create divisions in the essay. For example, in the beginning, put the most important po ints first. In the middle of the essay, break it up into various subheadings. After you've done this, you will need to continue to work your way through the sections and add in those that are worth noting and worthy of your attention. In a way, you've already gotten your task accomplished.The first good tip for organizing an essay with multiple topics is to keep your eye on the main theme of the essay. Focus on that and work out your way around it, keeping in mind how best to connect the points to that theme. This way, you'll avoid repeating yourself and it will give you a better chance of coming up with the perfect essay for your essay writing assignment.

Tim Winton free essay sample

Good morning sir and fellow students. Significant events are pivotal in enriching ones understanding of their identity, which leads to an understanding of where they belong in the world. This is shown through our prescribed text â€Å"The Simple Gift† composed by Steven Herrick; as well as Tim Winton’s â€Å"The Turning†. | Steven Herrick’s free verse novel explores this value of events that shape a persons identity and hence their sense of belonging in their world. The cause of his alienation appears to be physical and psychological abuse from his father, lack of caring from his school and his run down neglected neighbourhood with its â€Å"deadbeat no hoper†¦ downtrodden house in Longlands Rd, Nowheresville†. | The symbolism and scatological imagery establishes a decaying, decrepit and depressing environment, which reveals Billy’s isolation. Another evocative portrait is the internal monologue in the poem Sport in chapter one. The pain and suffering’ of soulless tyranny endured by Billy, from the old bastard his father. We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Winton or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This technique of expletive language is used to depict the poor relationship he shared with his father he gave me one backhander I felt the blood† and his attitude toward the world hes living in. This is the first pivotal event that Billy retells, which initially demonstrates the change in his identity and belonging. | Later in the book Billy catches a train. He is uncertain where the train will take him. Herrick engages the reader with Billy’s significantly violent memory of his father with the forces of a fathers punch. The metaphoric terms further reveal Billys harsh living environment he is seeking to escape. Ernies train whistle in the poem â€Å"Another crossing† symbolises the beginning of Billys new life contrasted favourably by Ernie’s ‘not bossing you around’ where Herrick uses the technique of multiple perspective. His next positive role model is Irene, Bendarat’s Librarian, who welcomes him and encourages him to borrow books. | These two characters are used by Herrick to enrich Billy’s moral parameters and direct him in his notion of identity allowing him to reach his sense of belonging. Herrick induces us to feel empathy rather than antagonism to the protagonist. This is accomplished through the intimate use of language, changing perspectives and personal anecdotes. | Growth in maturity is shown as both Billy and Old Bill show signs of growth as they help each other. Billys growth is demonstrated as he becomes a different individual from the beginning of the narrative poem showing positive thinking â€Å"sure theres hope in the world even for hobos like us. | Herrick also represents this change through his use of natural imagery and pathetic fallacy; exemplified in the poem â€Å"Hobos like us†, â€Å"Sit in the sunshine†. Old Bill’s view of the world slowly starts to change, as the protagonist reduces his consumption of alcohol and ventures to move on with his life. This is done through Herrick’s use of Motif throughout the novel of Old Bills alcoholic nature. | While Old Bill demonstrates the symbolism of A Simple Gift when he gave his keys to his old home to Caitlin and Billy symbolizing his final pivotal moment enriching Billy’s, Caitlin’s and Old Bill’s understanding of their identity, which leads to their understanding of where they belong in the world. | Tim Winton’s â€Å"The Turning† also explores this value of events that shape a persons identity and hence their sense of belonging in their world. The short story â€Å"The Turning† tells the narrative of Raelene, which reveals the notion as grand paradox, where small lives are contrasted by the immense grand scale of the world. | The use of significant events in the life of Raelene enriches her understanding of her identity and through this allows her to discover where she belongs in the world. | The character of Raelene is in an abusive relationship where she feels she is isolated from the world around her. This is exemplified by the quote â€Å"when Rae laughed at him he clouted her in front of the kids†. The colloquial language and sparse imagery allows the reader to understand Raelene’s lack of belonging. | The use of colloquialisms is repeated throughout the text, and is rich and powerfully inventive in demonstrating to the reader values of Australian society, and more specifically, values of belonging and not belonging in an Australian context. | Later in the text Raelene finds solace in meeting a couple whose relationship is affirmed on values of faith and spirituality. The juxtaposition of this relationship with her current spouse allows Raelene to discover who she really is. | Winton utilizes religious connotations and motifs in order to demonstrate this, as shown through the quote, â€Å"she has something specialâ€Å" whilst ‘Christ is holding his heart†. The use of religious intertextuality is also clear in that Winton describes the presence of a higher, spiritual power in the line â€Å"Deep down Rae sensed that she wanted something from them. †| Raelene then reflects on her newly enriched identity, as demonstrated through the motif of the snow globe. Within this globe is a symbol of her new-found religious faith, Jesus Christ. The holy figure becomes central to Raelene’s discovery of where she belongs in the world. | This is exemplified by Winton’s utilization of religious references, assonance and metaphor in the quote ‘snowed birds as the van rocked, birds like stars. ’ Through close reference to The Turning it is clear to see Tim Winton has skillfully crafted a text, which strongly demonstrates the influence of significant events on an individual’s discovery of identity, which is then revealed to allow the individual to discover where they belong in the world.

The Ring of Fire †Pacific Ocean

The Ring of Fire - Pacific Ocean The Ring of Fire is a 25,000 mile (40,000 km) horseshoe-shaped area of intense  volcanic and seismic (earthquake) activity that follows the edges of the Pacific Ocean. Receiving its fiery name from the 452 dormant and active volcanoes that lie within it, the Ring of Fire includes 75% of the worlds active volcanoes and is also responsible for 90% of the worlds earthquakes. Where Is the Ring of Fire? The Ring of Fire is an arc of mountains, volcanoes, and oceanic trenches that stretch from New Zealand northward along the eastern edge of Asia, then east across the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, and then south along the western coasts of North and South America. What Created the Ring of Fire? The Ring of Fire was created by plate tectonics.  Tectonic plates are like giant rafts on the Earths surface that often slide next to, collide with, and are forced underneath each other. The Pacific Plate is quite large and thus it borders (and interacts) with a number of large and small plates. The interactions between the Pacific Plate and its surrounding tectonic plates creates a tremendous amount of energy, which, in turn, easily melts rocks into magma. This magma then rises to the surface as lava and forms volcanoes. Major Volcanoes in the Ring of Fire With 452 volcanoes, the Ring of Fire has some that are more famous that others. The following is a listing of major volcanoes in the Ring of Fire. The Andes - Running 5,500 miles (8,900 km) north and south along the western edge of  South America, the Andes Mountains are the longest, continental mountain range in the world. The Andean Volcanic Belt is within the mountain range and is broken up into four volcanic zones that include such active volcanoes as Cotopaxi and Cerro Azul. It is also home to the highest, active volcano - Ojos del Salado.Popocatepetl - Popocatepetl is an active volcano in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Located near Mexico City, this volcano is considered by many to be the most dangerous in the world since a large eruption could potentially kill millions of people.Mt. Saint Helens - The Cascade Mountains in the United States Pacific Northwest hosts the 800 mile (1,300 km) Cascade Volcanic Arc. The Cascades contain 13 major volcanoes and nearly 3,000 other volcanic features. The most recent eruption in the Cascades occurred at Mt. Saint Helens in 1980.Aleutian Islands Alaskas Aleutian Islands, whic h consist of 14 large and 55 small islands, were made from volcanic activity. The Aleutians contain 52 volcanoes, with a few of the most active being Cleveland, Okmok, and Akutan.  The deep Aleutian Trench, which also sits next to the islands, has been created at the subduction zone with a maximum depth of 25,194 feet (7679 meters). Mt. Fuji - Located on the Japanese island of Honshu, Mt. Fuji, at 12,380 feet (3,776 m), is the tallest mountain in Japan and the worlds most visited mountain. However, Mt. Fuji is more than a mountain, it is an active volcano that last erupted in 1707.Krakatoa - In the Indonesia Island Arc sits Krakatoa, remembered for its massive eruption on August  27, 1883 that killed 36,000 people and was heard 2,800 miles away (it is considered the loudest sound in modern history). The Indonesian Island Arc is also home to Mt. Tambora, whose eruption on April 10, 1815 was the largest in major history, being calculated as a 7 on the Volcanic Explosion Index (VEI).Mt. Ruapehu - Rising to 9,177 feet (2797 m), Mt. Ruapehu is the tallest mountain on the North Island of New Zealand. Located in the southern section of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, Mt. Ruapehu is New Zealands most active volcano. As a place that produces most of the worlds volcanic activity and earthquakes, the Ring of Fire is a fascinating place. Understanding more about the Ring of Fire and being able to accurately predict volcanic eruptions and earthquakes may help  eventually save millions of lives.

Russian Symbolism and Mikhail Vrubel Research Paper

Russian Symbolism and Mikhail Vrubel - Research Paper Example From his earliest pieces of art, Mikhail Vrubel demonstrated an exceptional natural ability in modeling and figure drawing, however, he also engaged and valued the traditional academic pragmatism of the school. He quickly developed a taste for cooperating improvisation and symbolism, which would lead him to develop his personal style of painting with its exclusive brushwork, imitating the visual effect of mosaic art .He becomes influential sculptor, and draftsman who was a pioneer of modernism with an original vision. In his works, he was a pioneer of modernism in the styles, innovative and the techniques he put together to ensure that he was able to convey his feelings, complex inner life as well as an expression of spiritual world through his work art. Vrubel actually did not commence his artistic work until 1880s, after a successful effort in his pieces of art works, he become recognized in the early 1990s. He turned out to be symbolist and an expressionist at a time when the majo rity artists were still attributed to the pragmatic custom of the Wanderers. Being more practical and rejected these traditions and become more individualistic in his pieces of work, however he was misunderstood by his contemporaries though he was still considered the forefather of symbolism. Mikhail Vrubel usually chose to do his works from the real life situations this was later followed by most contemporary artists. Most of his scenes and characters were drawn from literature and tradition.

Anthropology of humor Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anthropology of humor - Assignment Example Humor is a part of our day-to-day life and people use humor while conversing, imagining, and observing. Humor is also beneficial as it gives social, psychological, and material advantages to the persons who make humor. Humor is soothing for pain, grief, anxiety, and nervousness. Mcgraw and Warren are of the view that â€Å"humor is a positive and adaptive response to benign violations. Humor provides a healthy and socially beneficial way to react to hypothetical threats, remote concerns, minor setbacks, social faux pas, cultural misunderstandings, and other benign violations people encounter on a regular basis. Humor also serves a valuable communicative function† (1148). Humor whatever may it be is not innocent; it reveals as much as it hides. Also, humor does not actually produce aggression, it is not unrelated to aggression. Gruner, Humor and Aggression There have been so many attempts by philosophers, scientists, critical theorists, and comedians to theorize humor and delin eate its intricacies. There are several theories, which try to interpret humor. What is humor? What is its social function? What ought to be considered as humor? Humor theorists have tried to find answers to all the above questions and beyond. These theories try to understand all sorts of humor by assuming some antecedents, like incongruity, tension release (Freud) or superiority (Gruner). However, the problem with them is that they speculate humor as an outcome of some tragedies. According to Gruner, â€Å"[p]rostitution could serve as the subject matter in a joke in order to make fun of others besides the girl and her client† (122). Humor, even it is on some people only, is always related to the society as a whole. Therefore, humor could reveal the social unconscious and the traces of repressed aggression within it. Many times, apparently, â€Å"the subject matter is sex [of humor], but the object of ridicule the conceited nature of both a young man and a young womanâ€⠄¢ (italics original) (Gruner, 126). Certainly, humor is an attack, a rebellion against the conceited nature of transactions in a non-transparent society. Charles R Gruner has offered a deep-going superiority theory of humor. He has contributed a lot in conceptualizing the humor. The central theme of Gruner’s theoretical formulation regarding the complexities of humor is that ‘much sexual humor is can also profit in humorousness by its active ingredient of aggression. That is, if both aggression and sexual content each make for good jokes, a combination of the two adds up to double enjoyment.† (emphasis original) (127). He equates humor with a game and firmly believes that there are winners, losers, and spectators in humor. Gruner is of the view that ‘sexual humor is one of the most prevalent and best-enjoyed kinds of humor† (127). Gruner's Superiority Theory of Humor has three fundamental assumptions. First, in the entire humorous situation there will be a winner and a loser. This notion is compatible with the human nature. Gruner believes that human beings are always competitive in their mind. In addition, humor has substituted the actual fight. Through humor people are competing with each other for hundreds of years. The winner, in Gruner’s notion, always makes fun of the loser. If we go to any talk show there we find comedians, who winners, making fun of politicians and elites, who are considered as losers.

Effect of Diet on Colorectal Cancer

Effect of Diet on Colorectal Cancer CHAPTER 1 1.1 Introduction Colorectal cancer is considered to be a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. It accounts for over 9% of all cancer incidences; this makes it the third most common cancer cause with nearly 1.4 million new cases diagnosed in a year (WCRF, 2012) and the fourth most common cause of death (WHO, 2002). Both men and women are affected almost equally for colorectal cancer; 9.4% in men and 10.1% in women from all incident of cancer. However, it has a clear geographical variation which is not uniformly distributed throughout the world. It has been estimated that, the developed countries with a western culture accounts for over 63% of all colorectal cancer cases (Fatima AH, 2009). Though data available to show the clear situation in developing countries, growing evidences show that the problem would be also a concern for the low and middle income countries. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) was estimate that in 2008 colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 5th most common c ancer in SSA (Ferlay J, 2010 and Alice G et.al, 2012) Several risk factors can be linked with the incidence of colorectal cancer. Age and hereditary factors are the most important factors on which an individual’s cannot able to manage. The probability of being affected by colorectal cancer is increases after the age of 40. More than 90% of colorectal cancer cases reported among people in the age greater than 50 and older (Fairley TL , 2006). In addition, a large number of environmental and behavioral risk factors can also contribute for the development of colorectal cancer; among these dietary factors are the major one (Fatima AH, 2009). With the help of different dietary assessment methods such as food recalls and food record, wide range of epidemiological studies revealed that diet can strongly influences the risk of colorectal cancer, and changes in food habits might reduce up to 70% of this cancer burden. Diets with high in fat and calories, especially animal fat, protein rich, low level of calcium and vitamin D. are some of the nutrients which can be a risk factor for colorectal cancer. High meat consumption, mainly red meat and processed meat, is mainly associated with the development of colorectal cancer (Fatima AH and Robin P, 2009; Sandhu MS et.al, 2001; Norat T et.al, 2002; Larsson SC, 2006, Raphaà «lle L, 2008). On the other hand, those people who eat diets low in fruits and vegetables may have also a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (Paul T et.al, 2001). For free living person, accurate estimation of routine dietary intake is very challenging in the study of diet and disease relationships (Jackson et. al, 2011). Moreover, there is no single method of assessment which is valid and optimal under all conditions to assess individual’s habitual dietary intake, but because of its ability to rank subjects according to their intake and also it is relatively inexpensive, food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are often used in most epidemiological studies to assess usual dietary intake and disease development. In addition, Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) have been used to assess long-term dietary intakes and an important exposure factor for the disease conditions (Sofi F et.al, 2008, and Streppel M, et. al, 2013). Therefore, the use of food frequency questionnaires has advantage over the other methods such as 24-hour recalls and food records since these methods do not reflect past diet intake or usual intake and they are also expens ive (Jackson et. al, 2011). Even though the Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) is a more practical tool for assessing individual diets in large cohorts, it has also more associated with measurement errors than 24-hour recalls and dietary record assessment methods. In consequence, this can bias the relative risk estimates of diet and disease risk (Lin L et.al, 2013). One approach to improve effect estimates is through validation studies, in which individual diets by questionnaire is compared with a more precise and accurate method such as weighted dietary records (Jaceldo-Siegl et. al, 2009). The influence of dietary habit is central for the development of colorectal cancer but little is known about validity of dietary exposure assessment tools. The purpose of the study is, therefore, to evaluate the validity of the FFQ that will be used in assessing the relationship between dietary intake andcolorectal cancer. 1.2 Objective of the study To evaluate the food frequency questionnaires used to assessing the risks of dietary intake (at food group and nutrient level) for colorectal cancer with the three days weighted diet record method CHAPTER 2 2.1 Literature Reviews 2.1.1 The need of validation studies for food frequency questionnaires The role of dietary factors in the etiology of several cancers has been extensively investigated over the last few years including on colorectal cancer (Bazensky I, Shoobridge-Moran C, Yoder LH, 2007). However, accurate estimates of habitual dietary intake remain a challenge in the study of diet-disease relationships (Jackson et. Al, 2011). This is because dietary assessments could be affected by a number of factors such as motivation to complete assessments and reporting bias related with unstructured eating patterns(Livingstone MB et. al, 2009). Besides these, design of the study, outcomes of interest, and resources availability need to be considered when selecting an appropriate dietary assessment tool for a particular study(Jyh Eiin Wong et. al, 2012). In epidemiological studies, Food-Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is often chosen assessment method for estimating dietary intake and can provide valid and reliable estimates of usual dietary intake in a variety of populations (Navarro A, et. al,2001) where as the other possible and precise methods such as food records and 24-hour recalls do not reflect past diet or usual intake and are generally expensive (Jackson et. al, 2011, Lin L et.al, 2013). The FFQ is easy to administer, has relatively low cost, and provides a rapid estimate of usual food intake. Due to having this advantages it is more practical and frequently used dietary assessment tool for assessing individual diets in large cohorts. However, compared to other dietary assessment methods it has more associated with measurement errors that usually overestimate relative risks in studies of diet and disease risk (Jaceldo-Siegl et. al, 2009; Zulkifli SN, 1992; Fraser GE, 2003; Lin L et. al, 2013; Streppel M et. al, 2013). Therefore, nutritional values reported from FFQ data are subjected to both systematic and random errors that can significantly affect the design, analysis, and interpretation of nutritional epidemiologic studies (Carroll RJ, et. al, 1997). In addition, due to possible differences in design characteristics of the FFQ, e.g. the number of food items included, mode of administration, and also the need of cognitive process for portion size estimation, it’s validity can be affected (Jyh Eiin Wong et. al, 2012). Furthermore, the validity of the same FFQ may vary from one population to the other (Streppel M. al et, 2013). The above rationale can lead to the agreement that evaluation and validating of a FFQ is important in studying diet disease associations. Thus validation studies need to be performed to evaluate the level to which the FFQ agrees with the subjects’ true dietary intake (Cade JE et. al, 2004). Moreover, validation studies can be also carried out to assess the level of measurement error associated with the FFQ (Streppel M et al, 2013 and Cade JE et. al, 2004). Providing the fact that there is no single method which is completely free from possible biases in dietary assessment, one approach to validate the estimates of effects through the help FFQ is by comparing with a more precise method (reference method), such as weighted food record, multiple dietary recalls and use of biomarkers (Jaceldo-Siegl et. al, 2009 and Lin L et.al, 2013). However, memory (recalls) and nutrient data are still influence estimates from the reference method (Jackson et. al, 2011, and Daures JP et. al, 2000 ). Generally, due to differences in food supply and dietary habits, there is no universally accepted FFQ that can be used for all populations in all situations. Elucidation of diet–disease relationships requires dietary assessment methods which can sufficiently describe and quantify intakes, minimize errors and provide precise estimates of variability between individuals or groups(Kaaks R et. al, 1997; Carroll RJ e t.al 1997 and Lin L et.al, 2013). Therefore, it is vital to make sure that any FFQ must be reliable and valid to be used in the population of interest, need to be designed to meet the aims of study populations and has contain an up-to-date list of foods(Jyh Eiin Wong,et. al, 2012). 2.1.2 Incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer is one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Globally it accounts for over 9% of all cancer incidences; the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of death. Men and women are almost equally affected by colorectal cancer; it represents 9.4% in men and 10.1% in women (Jodi D Stoocky, et al, 1996). However, is not uniformly distributed throughout the world; it has a clear geographical variation. Mainly, colorectal cancer is a disease of developed countries with a western culture. It is estimated this region accounts for over 63% of all cases. Worldwide mortality attributable to colorectal cancer is approximately half that of the incidence. In 2008, over 1.2 million new cases and 608,700 deaths estimated to have occurred (Fatima AH, 2009 and Dagfinn A, 2011). The WHO report in 2012 also showed that, in 2008 among the deaths of an estimated 7.6 million people of all cancer cases colorectal cancer (CRC) accounted for over 600 000 of those deaths, with 70% occurring in low– and middle–income countries (WHO, 2012 and Meetoo D, 2008). This indicates that though the number of cases of CRC in SSA is thought to be very low in comparison to those diagnosed in the Western world, it constitutes a significant proportion of the cancers in this region (Alice G et.al, 2012). 2.1.3 Risk factors for colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer is widely considered to be an environmental disease; include a wide range of cultural, social, and lifestyle factors which are associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer. Age and hereditary factors are those that an individual cannot control and other modifiable environmental and lifestyle risk factors are also plays an important role in the development of colorectal cancer (Fatima A. Haggar, Robin P. Boushey 2009). Among the modifiable risk factors, diet habit is a major one and strongly influences the risk of colorectal cancer, and changes in dietary habits might also decrease up to 70 percent of this cancer burden. Diets with high fat content, especially animal fat, considered to be a major risk factor to cause colorectal cancer. However results of meta analysis supports the hypothesis that only intakes of red and processed meat are convincing dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer (Dagfinn Aune, 2011). In addition, different studies also revealed that the association of CRC risk with processed red meat may be stronger than that of fresh red meat (Sandhu MS et.al, 2001; Norat T et.al, 2002; Larsson SC, 2006 and Raphaà «lle L, 2008). The effect of fat consumption as possible etiologic factor for colon cancer is linked to favoring the development of a bacterial flora which capable of degrading bile salts to potentially carcinogenic compounds. The presence of heme iron in red meat believed to be the main mechanisms for the positive association in the development of colorectal cancer. In addition, exposing it to high temperatures could resulting the production of compounds such as heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Fatima A. Haggar, Robin P. Boushey 2009 and Genkinger JM, Koushik A, 2007). MS Sandhu et al in 2001 found that red and processed meat could contribute for colorectal cancer; a daily increase of 100 g of red meat and 25g of processed meat was associated with a 14% (OR;1.14, 95% CI:1.04 to 1.25) and 49% (OR; 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.81) increased risk of colorectal cancer respectively (Sandhu MS et.al, 2001). On the other more recent follow up study by Cross, A.J et.al, the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) comparing the fifth to the first quintile for both red (HR; 1.24; 95% CI, 1.09-1.42; P Norat, T in 2001 also tried to conduct meta-analysis of articles published during 1973-99 in order to look the risk of consumption of red and processed meat for colorectal cancer. High intake of red and processed meat was associated with significantly increase risk of colorectal cancer. Average Relative Risk and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the highest quantile of consumption was 1.35 (CI: 1.21-1.51) for red meat and 1.31 (CI: 1.13-1.51) for processed meat (Norat, T., et.al, 2002). A similar effect of red and processed meat also found in other meta-analysis of prospective studies published through March 2006 by Larsson SC and Wolk A in 2006. This meta-analysis of prospective studies support the hypothesis that high consumption of red meat and of processed meat is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (Larsson, S.C. and Wolk, A., 2006). In addition, some studies suggest that people who eat a diet low in fruits and vegetables may have a higher risk of colorectal cancer. Differences in dietary fiber intake might have been also responsible for the observed geographic differences in the incidence rate of colorectal cancer (Janout V, and Kolla ´rova ´ H. 2001 and Fatima AH, 2009). Age is an important non modifiable factors in the development of colorectal cancer. As the increases the likelihood of colorectal cancer diagnosis increases as well. Mostly its diagnosis is common after the age of 40, then rising sharply after age 50. More than 90% of colorectal cancer cases occur in people aged 50 or older. The incidence rate is more than 50 times higher in persons aged 60 to 79 years than in those younger than 40 years. However, colorectal cancer appears to be increasing among younger persons (Ries LAG, et al.. 2008, and Fatima AH, 2009). 2.1.4 Dietary protective factors for colorectal cancer; Vegetables, Dietary fiber, whole grains Given the roles of the colon and rectum as conduits for ingested food and the many potentially anti carcinogenic substances contained in fruit(8),vegetables(8),and cereals(9),these food groups are among the most widely studied in relation to colorectal cancer risk (Steinmetz KA, Potter JD. 1991, and Slavin JL, Martini MC et.al, 1999). Although the majority of studies have shown an inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption and colorectal cancer risk, some prospective cohort studieshave also obtained inconsistent results; no association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of having or developing a colorectal neoplasm (Paul T et.al, 2001). Results from a meta-analysis of 13 case–control studieshave suggested that increased dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer, although some other prospective cohort studies do not supporting such an association (Steinmetz KA et.al, 1994). Nonetheless, evidence from animal studies and few clinical trials continues to suggest that cerealsespecially wheat bran, contain substances, such as fiber, phytic acid, various phenolic compounds, lignins, and flavonoids, that might lower the risk for colorectal cancers.Cereal fiber might also bind carcinogens and modify glycemic index(Slavin JL , 1999, and Paul T et.al, 2001) In a Paul T et.al study in 2001, they were tried to associate the role of fruit and vegetable consumption and colorectal cancer. In this study 61, 463 women were followed for an average of 9.6 years and 460 incident cases of colorectal cancer were observed (291, 159 and 10 cases of colon, rectal and both sites respectively). In the entire population of this study, total fruit and vegetable consumption was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. The association was also showed that there is a dose–response effect; more evident among individuals who consumed the lowest amounts of fruit and vegetables was observed. In particularly, those individuals who consumed less than 1.5 servings of fruit and vegetables per day had a 1.65 relative risk (95% CI = 1.23 to 2.20;P = .001) for developing colorectal cancer compared with individuals who consumed more than 2.5 servings. However, no association between colorectal cancer risk and consumption of cereal fiber was observed in t his study. In conclusion this particular study revealed that individuals who consume very low amounts of fruit and vegetables have the greatest risk of colorectal cancer (Paul T et.al, 2001)